The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment And Rural...

Because of the increasing concern about pollution, I chose this unit. Global warming is a serious problem due to human behavior, and I find it necessary to teach students about pollution and the direct impact it has on living organisms, including their own personal lives. It will be important for the United States to continue the expansion of renewable energy sources to reduce pollution and help control its ill effects. Assuming this lesson would be taught in Iowa, it would be important to note the proposed Bakken oil pipeline that would run through the state and the impact it would have on the environment and rural communities. Wind energy is also a growing topic in rural Iowa and more expansion of wind energy is happening across the state. Connecting these topics to Iowa and rural communities, will engage my students in the learning experiences that will occur during this unit lesson plan. Elementary aged students tend to be intrigued by topics relating to pollution, and for this r eason I chose to create a summative assessment experience that allows students to choose their own pollution related topic to research. I truly believe allowing students to have the ability to choose their own topic to research, will inspire them to get the most out of the learning experience. The seven assessments I chose for the unit plan include a variety of assessment methods which will be very beneficial for my students. When assessing, it is important to use different methods, so studentsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On Rural People Of Nepal1220 Words   |  5 Pages2010). Thus, the unparalleled impacts of climate change extended to effects on ecosystem, health, food production, water resources, agriculture and livelihood (IPCCC, 2001). With developing countries like Nepal on the frontline, climate change puts and extra burden on the existing social and economic challenges that they already face (UNFCCC, 2007). The livelihoods of rural people of Nepal rely directly and indirectly on forests. Rural area of Nepal is now confronted with the uncertainty of climateRead MoreImpact Of Global Warming On Human And Natural Systems1540 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental change is a global phenomenon and it impacts human and natural systems substantially. Precisely predicting interactions as a result of such change is a very difficult science as many elements are often involved. Complex environmental problems such as biodiversity loss, resource degradation, and fresh water availability have been at the center of many debates. In particular, global warming has been the predominant topic in political, social, and scientific communities. What needs further assessmentRead MoreIs Water A Finite Renewable Natural Resources Vital For Sustainability?771 Words   |  4 Pagesarguments that combination of global warming caused by human expansion of the â€Å"greenhouse effect† and population growth and increased demands, inefficient use of water resources, overuse of groundwater, mismanagement of water supply systems, misguided policies, and so on contributed to occurrence of one of the worst droughts California experiences in 2014-2015. California’s drought affected environmental and social and economic well-being of California. The effects of extremely dry and hot conditionsRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Climate Change1690 Words   |  7 Pageschange and what are the causes and effects of climate change. There are those who argue that the rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases in our environment are as a direct result of human activities. Some activities that are at the top of the list include but are not limited to the burning of fossil fuels, the cutting down of our forest, these activities are causing significant and increasingly severe climate changes which include global warming. Global warming results in a rise in the sea levelRead MoreAchieving Sustainable Development Within Developing Countries1252 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational community today. Developing countries are the most vulnerable to environmental concerns and are the least able to address them due to their lack of capital and technology. Environmental concerns such as climate change combined with economic concerns such as poverty create a negative cycle which makes it increasingly difficult to solve either problem. With the adoption of the Paris Agreement it is apparent that the world has shifted their focus to the preservation of the environment. HoweverRead MoreFood Insecurity : A Brief Issues Paper Written For The Pacific Food Summit1585 Words   |  7 PagesFood Insecurity In India A Brief Issues Paper Written for the Pacific Food Summit Savanna Griffis (43819206) Words: 1572 Introduction Global food security has become one of the most prominent issues of the decade, as the world’s population, and thus the number of mouths to feed, is expected to reach 9.1 billion people by 2050. Despite growing income levels and overall economic growth, India continues to be one country that is severely affected by food insecurity, with a steady decline in calorieRead MoreAbstract. Are You Environmentally Conscious? Do You Believe1653 Words   |  7 Pagesdown. Some of the reasons that factory farming is so destructive include the following: 1) The practice of running concentrated animal feeding operations is creating more greenhouse gases than the earth can support - therefore contributing to global warming and all of the problems that come with it. 2) The amount of solid and liquid waste produced by all the animals kept in CAFOs is also more than the planet can handle and is extremely toxic to ecosystems. 3) The practice of raising animals forRead MoreClimate Change Awareness1133 Words   |  5 Pagesput into action activities that will help raise awareness of this such as the â€Å"Earth Day†. This may provide information to most but, people in rural areas seem to be less educated on climate change than those in city areas who are most affected by the government’s programs. Though most of the people are saying that they are truly aware of the environment, it is still not assured that they have high knowledge about the climate change. Climate change is a development issue. Because of its potentialRead MoreA Place For Us1515 Words   |  7 Pagesrestore itself or heal itself.† However, we would not. As a consequence, in natural habitats, the overuse resource is leading to deforestation, emissions and wastewater pollution, animal extinction and endangerment, soil erosion and degradation... In communities across the country, we can see abandoned places and buildings such as factories, train yards, gas stations, strip malls... Therefore, to contribute to long-term sustainability, we should reduce, reuse and recycle materials and abandoned propertiesRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Theory1469 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Global Warming is a theory that scientists have created to say that the creation of greenhouse gases increases the average temperature of the globe. It does that because greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide have components which absorb heat. So when the sun’s radiation comes into the Earth’s atmosphere, the greenhouse gases absorb more and more of the heat. Currently, fossil fuels are the main producers of greenhouse gases. Combustion of fossil fuels outputs lots of energy for the

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet Free Essays

The Internet seems to be one of the greatest wonders of the modern world. Nowadays, it is hard to find a house with no access to the Internet and every day, more and more people are discovering the amazing possibilities which it gives us. The Internet is the biggest and the most effective provider of the variety of resources and services. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a worldwide database of any information you may need. However, information is not the only thing you can obtain thanks to the Internet. The World Wide Web also provides you with the access to a wide range of computer programs, games or the possibility to download your favourite music or films. What is more, the Internet facilitates your contacts with other people. Not only can you easily and quickly contact them via emails but you can also speak to them, thanks to the Internet communications program. They have become very popular recently as they enable you to make new friends on-line. However, the paradox is that while they facilitate your communication with others, at the same time they cause the deterioration of your contacts and relationships since it is much easier to stay at home and talk to somebody on the Internet instead of going out and socializing. Moreover, on-line friendships can turn out dangerous as you can never be sure who the other person is. In addition, the Internet is very addictive. People never notice that they spend too much time in front of the computer screen and that they use the Internet more often than they really need. Surfing on the net becomes more important than meeting with friends or going to the classes at the university and the reality they start to live in is the virtual reality. Another important advantage of the Internet is that it has become the most easily accessible and the best resource collection. It is used for the research purposes not only by the university students but also by the children from primary schools as more How to cite Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet, Papers

Acetylene Lab free essay sample

Acetylene Lab March 8th, 2013 Hypothesis If the amount of gas is increase, it would have a fully combustion because it contains more carbon ions after the combination. Observation % of gas in the test tube ( approximately) % of O2 in the test tube (approximately) Black soot What kind of sound is produced? Trail# 1 70. 00% 30. 00% Yes (Whole test tube) â€Å"Puff† Trail# 2 50. 00% 50. 00% Yes â€Å"Puff† Trail# 3 10. 00% 90. 00% Few( head of the test tube) High pitch â€Å"Pop† Discussion The observation table do not support the hypothesis, since it shows the result that as the amount of acetylene gas decreases and oxygen gas increases, there would be a greater chance of a complete combustion. In trail# 1, investigators use 70% acetylene gas and 30% of oxygen gas, which become incomplete combustion. Black soot represents pure carbon, which means it do not have a complete combustion since fully combustions formula should have a double replacement which form carbon dioxide and water vapour. Also, when a complete combustion occurs, the test tube should be clean, because there is more oxygen gas to burn the acetylene gas. We will write a custom essay sample on Acetylene Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, during the experiment, the investigators make some human errors such as do not use precise measurement for the acetylene gas and the oxygen gas, acetylene gas leaked from the test tube etc. Conclusion Even though this experiment do not have a fully complete combustion, the investigators can still predict that the less volume of acetylene gas are in the test tube and more volume of oxygen gas are in the test tube, it will have a better chance to form a complete combustion. To improve the quality of the experiment, ensure to use precise measurement and make less human errors as possible or perform the experiment few more times.

Sabir Warsame Essays (247 words) - Emotions, Hope,

Sabir Warsame Mrs. Riddell ENG 3U-22 August 1, 2017 Jimmy Santiago Bacca's View on Oppression While reading this poem by Jimmy Santiago Baca I came across this fact that the author was trying to tell us to never lose hope and keep fighting for the things you want. The author used his own personal experiences to express this statement. The powerful words he used were such as strength, unshed tears, and remembering you're a human, puts Bacca in a situation were freedom is not option and in order to escape, he must have a positive mind and attitude. This first example was pointed forward using powerful words to express his pain and emotions. This second quote "look deep to find the grains of hope, strength, and sing, my brothers and sisters" mentioned to be strong and to always have hope. Looking back at this quote, I felt that the author was sending this message to someone that he loves or he's very close to. This last quote "fiery spears will count your years, as you start into the next year, endure my brothers, endure my sisters'', shows how you much he had encouragement in himself and the reader no matter how bad the situation is. This quote shows how you should always have a positive mind set and use this as a motivation to never give up. As much as you think many things can go wrong in a situation, there will always fade away and your worries be gone. In conclusion, this poem shows the true definition and art of oppression. Sabir Warsame Essays (247 words) - Emotions, Hope, Sabir Warsame Mrs. Riddell ENG 3U-22 August 1, 2017 Jimmy Santiago Bacca's View on Oppression While reading this poem by Jimmy Santiago Baca I came across this fact that the author was trying to tell us to never lose hope and keep fighting for the things you want. The author used his own personal experiences to express this statement. The powerful words he used were such as strength, unshed tears, and remembering you're a human, puts Bacca in a situation were freedom is not option and in order to escape, he must have a positive mind and attitude. This first example was pointed forward using powerful words to express his pain and emotions. This second quote "look deep to find the grains of hope, strength, and sing, my brothers and sisters" mentioned to be strong and to always have hope. Looking back at this quote, I felt that the author was sending this message to someone that he loves or he's very close to. This last quote "fiery spears will count your years, as you start into the next year, endure my brothers, endure my sisters'', shows how you much he had encouragement in himself and the reader no matter how bad the situation is. This quote shows how you should always have a positive mind set and use this as a motivation to never give up. As much as you think many things can go wrong in a situation, there will always fade away and your worries be gone. In conclusion, this poem shows the true definition and art of oppression.

7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas

7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas 7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas 7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas By Mark Nichol The simple insertion, deletion, or relocation of a comma (or two) can alter a sentences meaning, so when writing or editing a sentence, carefully analyze it to determine whether the punctuation (or lack thereof) serves its intended meaning or whether it creates grammatical confusion. The following examples illustrate the significant difference punctuation can make; discussion after each sentence explains the problem and provides a solution. 1. Relaxed capital and leverage requirements are favorable to depository institutions as they allow institutions to put more of their capital to work and may even provide consumers with more access to credit. Punctuation helps readers recognize the meaning of a word that, in identical syntactical arrangements, can have distinct meanings. In this sentence, as appears to function as a synonym for while in the sense of referencing a simultaneous occurrence. However, the clause that follows as is an explanation- here, as is a synonym for because- and is therefore a dependent clause, which means that it must be preceded by punctuation: â€Å"Relaxed capital and leverage requirements are favorable to depository institutions, as they allow institutions to put more of their capital to work and may even provide consumers with more access to credit.† 2. It is a never-ending campaign to stay in step with adversaries, and wherever possible, anticipate their next move. In this sentence, the intended function of the commas is to set off a parenthetical phrase, but the placement of the first comma erroneously suggests that its purpose is to separate two independent clauses. The parenthetical phrase is â€Å"wherever possible,† not â€Å"and wherever possible†- test this fact by temporarily omitting each alternative from the sentence and seeing which statement is still grammatically valid- so the first comma must follow, not precede, and: â€Å"It is a never-ending campaign to stay in step with adversaries and, wherever possible, anticipate their next move.† (Because the phrase that follows and is not an independent clause- there is no subject- no additional comma is required before the conjunction.) 3. I consider movies, such as Get Out, examples of artwork that provoke discussion about our society. The commas bracketing â€Å"such as Get Out† imply that that phrase is expendable- that the sentence is valid without it. But the writer is referring to a category of movies that the film Get Out exemplifies in some quality, so that phrase is essential to the sentence and therefore cannot be treated as a parenthetical phrase: â€Å"I consider movies such as Get Out examples of artwork that provokes discussion about our society.† (If movies were qualified with an adjective, as in the phrase â€Å"movie that allegorically pertain to racism,† then â€Å"such as Get Out† would be valid as a parenthetical phrase because it suggests an example of a specified category of film, rather than just one film in the all-encompassing category of â€Å"movies.†) 4. Getting the right information, to the right people, at the right time, is intrinsically valuable to any organization. The segmentation of the first three phrases in this sentence is unnecessary and obtrusive. The writer of this sentence assumes that punctuation is required to distinguish the three factors referenced sequentially in this sentence, but the prepositions to and at serve this function: â€Å"Getting the right information to the right people at the right time is intrinsically valuable to any organization.† 5. Directors can’t get the information they need to make critical decisions because the company’s ability to effectively measure and report on key risks is limited. If this sentence continued after limited, with an alternative explanation for why directors can’t get the information they need (following a semicolon), then the phrase â€Å"because . . . is limited† would be essential to the sentence. But in the sentence as written, â€Å"because . . . is limited† is a subordinate (and therefore nonessential) clause, and it should be set off from the main clause (â€Å"directors . . . critical decisions†): â€Å"Directors can’t get the information they need to make critical decisions, because the company’s ability to effectively measure and report on key risks is limited.† 6. It’s kind of scary actually. When an adverb appearing at the end of a sentence is intrinsic to the sentence, do not include intervening punctuation, as in â€Å"We visit them annually.† (Without annually, the sentence â€Å"We visit them† would not convey the intended information- the frequency with which they visit- so annually is essential to the statement.) But in this case, actually merely serves as an informal form of emphasis- it merely strengthens the admission but does not add meaning- so it is set off from the main clause: â€Å"It’s kind of scary, actually.† (Also, actually should be set off if it precedes the main clause- â€Å"Actually, it’s kind of scary†- but no punctuation is necessary if the adverb is inserted within the clause: â€Å"It’s actually kind of scary.†) 7. What’s different is they came of age at a difficult time. The subject of this sentence is they, and what comes before is a dependent introductory clause, which must be set off from the main clause by a comma: â€Å"What’s different is, they came of age at a difficult time.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SThe Difference Between "will" and "shall"10 Terms for the Common People

Interview How to sometimes say no to your editor

Interview How to sometimes say no to your editor How to sometimes say 'no' to your editor - An interview with Gale Winskill Our 9th #freelancerfriday interview: â€Å"It does really worry me when authors take every suggestion that I make and implement it. I worry that they don’t believe enough in their own book. An author should always feel they can come back and say â€Å"I hate your suggestions but I accept that my original doesn’t work.† That’s healthy and that’s good. They can understand why you’ve made the criticism, but can then go away and find their own solution to a problem.†Gale Winskill  is a great editor. She offers the full set of editorial services, with a portfolio proving experience in an enormous variety of genres - including a strong background in editing children’s fiction. Below we talk plot-structure, polyediting, and a healthy way to work with an editor. Enjoy!What services do you provide?Mostly editing, proofreading and critiques, although I also do some training. I work with a variety of genres: a lot of fiction editing, bot h for adults and for children; a lot of academic editing for non-native speakers of English; non-fiction; children’s picture books; and manuscript critiques.Are there differences between editing adult and children’s fiction?Not very many. The basics of plot structure are essentially the same for both. The main difference is checking that the content is appropriate for the age group, that you’re talking about subjects that they can understand and follow, and that the language level is also suitable for the age category concerned.What do editors do for authors?The editor is the most critical reader you will ever encounter as an author. As an editor your role is partly to spot things that will be criticised, as well as what’s strong. An editor tries to make sure that the author doesn’t fall into those pitfalls. The author has an opportunity to address any weakness that might open their work  up to criticism before the book goes to print. The editor is very much a reader, first and foremost.Two editors will never think the same way, just as  two readers will find different things in the same text. I may have to tell an author that I can see why they did something one way, but that it may be perceived in a different way by readers. But how the author decides to address that is up to them. Your professional duty as an editor extends to telling an author what strikes you about a text, but at the end of the day it’s the author’s prerogative to ignore everything an editor says, as ultimately it’s their book.Is working with multiple editors a good practice for authors? Does having second opinions help?I think it usually ends up a mess. An author should find an editor they like and - while they don’t have to agree with everything the editor says - one they can work with.  If you have multiple editors it can be confusing. I might feel a particular character doesn’t work for a particular reason, wh ereas another editor might not see a problem. For authors, I don’t see how they can follow one person’s train of thought if they’re trying to compare that with another person’s train of thought.However, there’s a different argument for having more than one critique of a book. It might be interesting to see what various people pick up from reading a book without having them pull it apart.What kind of advice are you able to give an author?Judging by the responses of my authors, I’m good at spotting the weaknesses in a text and offering suggestions on how to resolve it. It does really worry me when authors take every suggestion that I make and implement it. I worry that they don’t believe enough in their own book. An author should always feel they can come back and say â€Å"I hate your suggestions but I accept that my original doesn’t work.† That’s healthy and that’s good. They can understand why you’v e made the criticism, but can then go away and find their own solution to a problem. Authors have told me that they knew something wasn’t working but couldn’t work out why. Once they know the reason they can go away and redraft it. I think authors prefer to be told when a book isn’t publishable in it’s current state but that it could be made to work if they do this and that, as opposed to publishing online and being slated. Authors appreciate criticism so long as it’s constructive, justified, and given in a diplomatic fashion.When should an author approach you with a work-in-progress? After the first draft is completed?Unless I’ve worked with an author for a while and I’m familiar with their work, I don’t like working on a book in pieces. As I work through the book I may change my mind about what I said in the first few chapters. If people send the work piecemeal, I don’t get a sense of the whole. I suggest to new author s that until they’re at the end of the process and are ready to submit it for editing, my seeing it doesn’t benefit them. It’s more constructive when the editor’s opinion is formed in one go.Thank you for your time Gale.

International Marketing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Marketing Assignment - Essay Example Most of the investors who invest in business in Indonesia must have the authorization from the senior governmental officers hence proper plans should be made by the business top management bodies to familiarize the senior government official of the detailed information about the business and its intentions to Venter to the countries market. On the other hand, the company also should put in to place the proper measures to enhance promotion. This is the process through which awareness is created to the people and every person in the target market are familiarized with what is being offered by the company. By being present in most mainstream malls, which are major interacting places for teenagers is in itself, a critical strategy to be a dominant force in the teens’ market. Furthermore, they are intensely tottering on luxury and casual wear by offering higher prices but fall short of the ones demanded by the designer’s1. As a result, this strategy has allowed the company to market to a wide array of social classes. Even though they are very specific on age, appropriateness their target of class is not hence promotion play a major role in ensuring the company maintains completion and that people know its products. In summary, therefore when it comes to getting into, capturing and penetrating a new market especially in foreign countries, businesses usually find it challenging and difficult. For Abercrombie and Fitch to succeed in the Indonesian market it will have to do the following:- Market Segmentation is defined as the process of separating a market into direct groups of consumers who may need separate products. There are numerous bases for segmenting the market; they are psychographic, geographic and demographic variables2. A Psychographic criterion is defined as the process that considers both psychological and sociological information. Psychological nature entails attitude, motivations, and personality. Sociological

An Research about Relationship among Fashion Life Style Dissertation

An Research about Relationship among Fashion Life Style - Dissertation Example The paper "An Research about Relationship among Fashion Life Style" examines consumer psychology. The Chinese economy has grown at a very fast pace in the past decades resulting in a high number of affluent and middle class consumers. With phenomenal growth in the number of affluent households China has now become the third largest consumer market for luxury goods. However, the affluent consumers in China do not necessarily fall under one consumer segment. While different regions within China have consumers with different levels of affluence, the consumption behaviours of these consumers also vary. GEOLIA, founded in 1985, is a ladies’ fashion brand headquartered in China. Their vision is to discover, to live and to share a fashionable and healthy lifestyle with their customers. They offer quality, trendy products at affordable prices and have easily accessible distribution network. Their customers comprise of ladies between mid-twenties to early thirties who are at that phase in their lives when values and lifestyle are cultivated. The brand aims to partner with their customers in grooming their personal styles both in fashion and everyday life. Brand GEOLIA is impressed upon the Chinese consumer’s mind as the friendly women’s apparel brand. A consumer behavior model proposed by Hawkins et al (2004) reflects the effect of self concept and life style on consumer behavior. The self-concept and lifestyle influence the needs and desires; these needs and desires can be satisfied through consumption. Lifestyle involves multiple levels and it is determined by people’s individual characters, past experience and current condition. Lifestyle keeps changing with changes in the internal and external environment. As consumer fashion life style and self concept increases consumer purchase intention becomes more powerful (Ahmad et al., 2010). Consumer Purchase Consumer purchase has become a leisure activity and is used to enhance social status. Th is is based on the concept of the self and a material symbol of who a person is and how he/she would like to be known (Dittmar and Drury, 2000). Clothing and fashion are the medium through which people express their identity (Rathnayake, 2011). Fashion and clothing display how a person would like to, in other words, the person’s self concept. Self-concept Self concept has received considerable importance in marketing literature as it can significantly impact consumers’ decision making and product and brand choices (Ye, Bose and Pelton, 2012). The theory of self-concept suggests that consumers prefer products that are consistent with their self-image and hence the brand or product can enhance their self-image. The self-congruity theory suggests that the self-concept is dynamic and conflicting traits may exist in an individual’s self-concept. Fashion and Fashion Consciousness Fashion has been defined as â€Å"a way of behaving that is temporarily adopted by a dis cernible proportion of members of a social group because that chosen behavior is perceived to be socially appropriate for the time and situation† (Sproles cited in Chen, Shang and Lin, 2008). People like to be perceived as trendy and hence would follow the trend that the group follows. With the inclination to follow the fashion trend they may tend to neglect their own personal feelings and

Visiting Forces Agreement Essay Example for Free

Visiting Forces Agreement Essay Thesis Statement: The Philippines should consider terminating its Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) with the United States before it’s too late for the government to overcome its unexpected dilemma. I.What is the RP–US Visiting Forces Agreement? a.A bilateral agreement between the between the Philippines and the United States consisting of two separate agreement documents. a.Balikatan as VFA-1 b.Balikatan as VFA-2 or the Counterpart Agreement II.There are several negative effects of â€Å"Balikatan† in the country. 1.Balikatan exercises threatened our environment and ecological resources. a.In the past Balikatan exercises, war and combat simulations which involved maneuverings and live fire exercises have caused coral reef destruction and ecological pollution. b.Dumping of toxic wastes and nuclear-powered submarines are very dangerous to the health. 2.Balikatan exercises can affect the peace and order situation in the country. a.Danger to life, honor, safety, and peace of the citizens, like what happened to Nicole (Subic Bay rape victim) and to the other Filipinos threatened since the VFA was signed. 3.Balikatan exercises can affect the industrial and agricultural sector. a.During the dangerous exercises, farmers, fisher folk and indigenous people are banned from attending crops or fishing at the seas, thus, does it affect their livelihood. III.What are other alternatives aside from recent visiting forces agreement? a.Improved the facilities and human forces by setting the international standard in military tactics. b.A new refined and version of visiting forces agreement with the US or other countries that protects the Philippine and international laws on the protection and preservation of the environment.

Invisible Man :: Literary Analysis, Ralph Ellison

Ralph Ellison uses symbolism in the first chapter of Invisible Man to illustrate the culture in which he lived and was raised. In the chapter, entitled â€Å"Battle Royal†, Ellison intends to give his graduation speech to the white elite of his community. However, before her can deliver said speech, he is forced to perform humiliating tasks. The use of symbols is evident throughout â€Å"Battle Royal† particularly with regard to the Hell imagery, power struggle, and the circus metaphor. The setting of the chapter is significantly symbolic. The story takes place in a luxurious ballroom, which Ellison has masterfully transformed into Hell. This is the smoker. The men in the audience are â€Å"smoking black cigars† (1255). The room was â€Å"foggy with cigar smoke† even though the room is described as large and has a high ceiling (1255). The narrator also gives these men animalistic qualities that essentially revealing them to be savages. They are seen â€Å"wolfing down food† (1254). Later, they â€Å"run laughing and howling after [the dancing woman]† (1257). Although far less of a ravenous image, the narrator even compares the perverted old man to an intoxicated panda. The narrator also describes them as having â€Å"red faces† (1259). In this characterization the men seemingly have all the characteristics of demons in Hell. The Hell image is advanced further when the fighters are blindfolded. The narrator explains, â€Å"..now I felt a sudden fit of blind terror.† (1257). When the fight begins, he adds, â€Å"[t]he smoke had become thicker and with each new blow it seemed to sear and further restrict my lungs. My saliva became like hot bitter glue.† (1258). The men demonstrate their authority over him and his classmates. A prime instance of this is the dancing woman. The ten fighters were positioned in the front of the ballroom. Then the woman was exhibited, all eyes were on her. She was completely naked, except for her makeup and a tattoo of the American flag. Her face was â€Å"heavily powdered and rouged†¦ [her] eyes hollow and smeared a cool blue.† (1256). She represents America, and therefore freedom. The men in the audience even though they are just as fixated as the fighters, have more control. In their society, they are allowed to look at a white woman. The fighters however, are black, and therefore are supposed to suppress any thoughts regarding her so they do not get killed. This display also serves to rob them of some of their masculinity.

Magazine Advertisement Analysis: Kotex Essay

This print advertisement for U by Kotex shows a woman driving a convertible in which the written concept takes the edge off the embarrassment some feel about feminine products. (The N.Y. Times, B3)  ·As I looked at the advertisement, it gave me a feeling of calmness with a peace of mind. I felt like I could be that young woman in that car. This advertisement describes the driver holding up her right hand, in a light blue convertible on the highway with the text placed in the sky above the driver, car and the road that reads: â€Å"I tied a tampon to my key ring so my brother wouldn’t take my car. It worked.† (The N.Y. Times)  ·The message takes the edge off the embarrassment some feel about feminine products. In a black block with pictures of the product boxes on the bottom of the page, there’s a question: â€Å"Why are 40% of people uncomfortable with tampons?† Break the Cycle. New U by Kotex. (U by Kotex)  ·Acquiring a new product line, U by Kotex, the brand discreetly constructed its own advertising campaign to speak to these extremely media aware users. The most abnormal advertising technique being used: Kotex accepted the fact that their target market completely understands that they are advertised to or enticed. This way, Kotex made their users dominant, laying order directing in their laps. Being aware of the â€Å"awareness factor† also arranged consumers as brilliant, brand-competent, and witty. (Ad Campaign Analysis) Mitchell 2  ·Wrappers for the individual items come in four bright colors, with the outside packaging is mainly black. Mr. Meurer of Kotex states, â€Å"This has been a institutional type of product, with products that are white and light blue and boring, and what we have is a variety of bold lipstick colors in each pack.† â€Å"What we like to say is, we’re taking the category from institutional care to personal care.† (The N.Y. Times)  ·In general, the inventive arrangement of the advertisement, with the black, grey and white  lettering put together with the apportionment of the scenery, black bottom and the converted images of the products, arranged for an exceptional visual understanding. The surroundings look as if the photo was taken somewhere on a countryside back road, maybe southern California, because of the broad variety of vegetation, and other geographical conditions illustrated in the scenery.  ·Not only does U by Kotex adequately sell their products, but they give much more. Website visitors, UbyKotex.com, which was designed by the New York office of Organic, section of the Omnicom Group, are encouraged to sign a â€Å"Declaration of Real Talk,† pledging to defy societal pressures that discourage women from speaking out about their bodies and health. For every signer, Kotex donates $1 to â€Å"Girls for Change,† a national nonprofit based in San Jose, California, that puts together urban middle school and high school girls with professional women to encourage social change. According to Mr. Meurer of Kotex, â€Å"We’re really out there and we’re trying to touch women and say we care about this conversation.† We’re changing our brand equity to stand for truth and transparency and progressive vaginal care.† (The N.Y. Times)  · The questions are out there in the world, yet they can’t be answered fully. It’s not the 1950’s anymore. Talking freely about many private health problems is no longer taboo. Actually, it’s encouraged, steering toward added awareness and better health care for people everywhere. Society and the media still have not accepted the issues women have below the waist. Sadly, this secrecy and shame about all things Mitchell 3  pertaining to vaginal health have a negative impact on a woman’s body image, self-esteem and overall health. U by Kotex brand wants to help women change the conversation about periods and vaginal care. Help Break the Cycle, so women can begin to feel comfortable their bodies and confident about their personal care. http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2010/03/16/business/16adco_CA0.html Works Cited â€Å"It’s time to Break the Cycle.† U by Kotex. U by Kotex, 10 June 2012. Web. 10 June 2012. â€Å"Rebelling Against the Commonly Evasive Feminine Care Ad.† The New York Times. The New York Times. 15 March 2010. Web. 10 June 2012. â€Å"Ad Campaign Analysis: Kotex Reveals Ad Strategy, As Strategy.† 23 Oct. 2010. Web. 10 June 2012.

To what extent does business process reengineering improve sustainable competitive advantage

Rationale / Background Due to the increasingly competitive and evolving environment of modern business, a significant focus now lies on business restructuring in order for firms to meet the demands of the global economy. Buhalis and Owen (2010) see this necessity as the driver behind business process reengineering and as a result the practice is widespread, for instance Attaran (2004) highlighted a study in which 87% of businesses were found to engage in the process. Much research has been conducted in this area (see Kettinger and Grover 1995), which points towards competitive advantage as the primary focal area. Based on Porter’s original five forces model (Porter 1979) companies now look to business process reengineering to create a sustainable competitive advantage for their firm. Whilst research done by Ansoff and McDonnell (1990) focuses on more traditionally held beliefs about a firm’s unique resources, many has since changed their beliefs on what is considered a dynamic capability wo rthy of creating a sustained competitive advantage. Meed et al (1994) cited a company needs to transform in order to adapt to its environment, and Osborne (1997) suggested that the very nature of the issue requires ever evolving material. Thus there is becoming an increased focus on the more subjective capabilities of modern organizations, as Barney’s 1999 article noted how strategic resources tend to be evenly distributed across firms and so there is a new focal point of knowledge being central to the business reengineering process and to creating a sustained competitive advantage for modern businesses. According to Grint (1994) reengineering quickly became the buzzword for businesses in the 1990’s, set on organizational improvement and change. Business process reengineering is defined as â€Å"a requirement to study fundamental business processes, independent or organization units and information systems support, to determine if the underlying business processes can be significantly streamlined and improved† by Langer (2008) and is based on operational objectives in order to improve performance. For instance a firm may wish to simplify their processes, improve communication procedures or speed up their operational turnover (Sayegh 2005.) As mentioned previously the very nature of business process reengineering requires a circular flow of communication in order for business processes to continuously improve, as Guha et al (1993) suggested the process reengineering cycle to be implemented into organizations in order to quickly tweak any issues with a new process with a minimal delay on output. The subject of business process reengineering is still relatively new and so there are suggestions for future improvements, as a significant focus now lies on not only creating the information systems but using them effectively. This requires what Earl et al (1995) called alignment, that a process must not only be operationally efficient it must also be aligned not only with the company’s other materials and systems but also with the existing knowledge of the firm’s staff. This view is supported by Burgelman et al (2008) who focused on the links between not only different management levels but also between different strategic levels of the business. The suggestion by Burgelman et al being that organizational knowledge is unevenly spread and so needs to be aligned more thoroughly. According to Brynjolfsson and Renshaw (1997) business process reengineering does suffer from low success rates, due to a lack of tools for managing the change proces s. Brynjolfsson and Renshaw proposed utilising a matrix of change in order to help managers identify and deal with critical issues. In this sense the importance of organizational knowledge is evidently the weak link in making business process reengineering reach its potential. Therefore much work has been done to attempt to bridge this success gap between the operational processes of a business and people’s ability to use them (see Khosrowpour 2006.) Attaran (2004) believed information technology to be a key element of a successful reengineering approach, citing Bill Gates’ comment on the 2000’s focus being on velocity. Therefore it is feasible for a company to rely on information technology to understand processes if they operate in a particularly fast paced industry like the example Bill Gates was referring to. In fact Johnson and Vitale (1998) believed innovations in information technology to be the future source of competitive advantage for firms, using exam ples of where it has been essential for business success for instance linking systems between an organizations diversified functional areas. Organizational knowledge is therefore seen to be one of few sources of a sustainable competitive advantage for modern firms. Tacit knowledge means that no two companies are the same (Collis and Montgomery 1995) and so as a dynamic capability knowledge appears to fulfil the necessary criteria, seen by Ambrosini and Bowman (2002) as being difficult to imitate, difficult to substitute or transfer and being scarce. Especially vital in the modern business environment is the speed in which knowledge can be created or transferred, as Saint-Onge (1996) noted how a company’s intellectual capital needs to be in line with rapid technological developments.This focus on human capital led Saint-Onge to cite the â€Å"knowledge era† of modern times. A key application for business process reengineering of this focus is the need to constantly reinvest in organizational knowledge, due to the attrition effects of competition decaying the casual ambiguity that knowledge creates (Reed and D efillippi 1990.) Therefore the real challenge for modern companies is how to undertake this required reinvestment in business process reengineering. Cavusgil and Calantone (2003) pointed out in their study on tacit knowledge that the primary issue is sharing knowledge throughout the firm. Howells (1996) noted that in order to be fully utilised tacit knowledge can be transferred on a variety of levels as in many cases knowledge should not only be transferred horizontally but vertically in firms, i.e. that managers must pass on their knowledge to their staff and vice versa. This vertical transfer is vital for informational systems as in many cases practicalities experienced by lower level staff are not considered by upper management. Due to the difficulty in representing tacit knowledge acknowledged by Lubit (2001) the suggestions on how to transfer knowledge throughout the firm focus on more informal means. Lubit believed social mechanisms to be the best option, citing how formalis ed processes will always leave gaps. Similarly Ambrosini and Bowman (2002) found that techniques such as individual questionnaires and storytelling were most suitable for demonstrating tacit knowledge. Description Project Aims and Objectives: To uncover relevant links between organizational knowledge and the firm’s business process reengineering, and the role of knowledge management in facilitating the reengineering process. To examine theoretical approaches to business process reengineering and empirical evidence of their respective success rates. To investigate the impact of business process engineering on sustainable competitive advantage from a theoretical standpoint. Research Methodology Due to the theoretical approach being adopted in this study, secondary research would be utilised in accomplishing the aforementioned research objectives. Based on this approach, the study would adopt an interpretivist epistemology. According to Saunders et al (2007), â€Å"Interpretivism is an epistemology that advocates that it is necessary for the researcher to understand differences between humans in our role as social actors†. Interpretivism relates to how people make sense of the world around them, and how they interpret social phenomena. Compared to the positivist view, the interpretivist view relates essentially to the interpretation of findings by those collecting data, and a common risk is that there may be issues of reliability and validity due to its subjective nature (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Based on recommendations by Collis and Hussey (2003), an inductive approach would also be utilized in conducting the research, as this involves analyzing the theoretical da ta concerning business process reengineering and competitive advantage, and drawing up a conclusion (after indepth analysis), on how both factors may be related. Data collection and analysis within this study would involve the systematic review of literature, reviewing previous studies on business process reengineering, knowledge management and competitive advantage to establish the relationship between all 3 variables, and ascertain if and how they the reengineering of business processes could actually lead to an improved competitive advantage within an industry. Through the combination of a number of results from a number of studies, the researcher hopes to uncover reasonable, reliable and valid insights into the subject area. Relevant databases such as Business Source Premier, Ingenta Connect and Emerald Insights would be utilized in finding these researches. Further research would also be conducted on institutes of business, such as those who may have statistics on how business processes affect competitive advantage. An entire subchapter would also be devoted to critiques of business process reengineering, particularly in its relevance to competitive advantage, as this allows for a balanced critical research and helps support the study’s reliability. Secondary research has been adopted as opposed to primary research, as it essentially bases our findings on more extensive research that may have been done in the past. These literatures are usually wider ranging and cover a lot more aspects of BRR than this research could have, if it adopted a primary approach. Deliverables This project intends to deliver clear conclusions and recommendations on the following: The relationship between business process reengineering and knowledge management within organisational settings. Do they necessarily impact on one anotherDoes effective knowledge management particularly promote better results when processes are reengineered Empirical findings on the success and / or failure rates of business process reengineering activities that have been conducted over the past decades. These could be differentiated based on industries, and conditions, such as whether the organisations properly utilised information technology or knowledge management systems. Empirical or theoretical evidence suggesting that business process reengineering does promote sustainable competitive advantage. Particular emphasis would be placed on how it was accomplished and the secondary factors (such as information or knowledge management technology) that may have acted as catalysts. Schedule Secondary research (literature search) to be completed within two weeks of the project’s s tart. Cross-examination of literature is to be completed within a week of the final data being collected. This will encompass all of the data to spot any clear patterns. Checking of the discovered patterns to ensure their viability, reliability and generalisability will also be aimed to be completed within the same week that the original cross examination has been completed. The Introduction and Methodology chapters would be written within a week from when the data has been gathered. This would help in the structure of these chapters. The systematic literature review would be written up and conducted using the thematic approach. Meaning that each of the project deliverables would be separated into different themes and analysed as such. Overall project timeline – A maximum of 4-5 weeks from starting to accumulate the relevant data to having a clear, presentable set of results. Resources Required No hardware resources are required, except for computer hardware to use in researching, analysing and writing up the project. Access to literature sources such as the journals mentioned above, and empirical results on business process reengineering may require library access to such journals and in-depth Internet research. The researcher is confident that he has the skills to accomplish all of these. References Ambrosini, V. And Bowman, C. (2002) Tacit Knowledge: Some Suggestions for Operationalization. Journal of management studies, Vol 38, Issue 6, pp 811-829. Ansoff, H.I. and McDonnell, E.J. (1990) Implanting strategic management. Prentice Hall New York. Attaran, M. (2004) Exploring the relationship between information technology and business process reengineering. Information and management, Vol 41, pp 585-596. Barney, J. (1999) Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, Vol 17, No 1, pp 99-120. Buhalis, D. And Owen, R. (2010) Business Process Reengineering. Business Process Management Journal, Vol 6, Issue 2, pp 113-121. Burgelman, R.A. Christensen, C.M. and Wheelwright, S.C. (2008) Strategic management of technology and innovation. McGraw- Hill / Irvin. Cavusgil, S.T. Calantone, R.J. Zhao, Y. (2003) Tacit knowledge transfer and firm innovation capability. Journal of business and industrial marketing, Vol 18, Issue 1, pp 6-21. Collis, D.J. and Montgomery, C.A. (1995) Competing on Resources: Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review, July-August. Earl, M.J. Sampler, J.L. and Short, J.E. (1995) Strategies for business process reengineering: evidence from field studies. Journal of Management Information Systems, Volume 12, Issue 1 (June 1995.) Grint, K. (1994) Reengineering History: Social Resonances and Business Process Reengineering. Organization, Vol 1, No 1, pp 179-201. Guha, S. Kettinger, W.J. and Teng, J.T.C. (1993) BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING Building a Comprehensive Methodology. Information systems management, Vol 10, Issue 3. Howells, J. (1996) Tacit knowledge, innovation and technology transfer. Technology analysis and strategic management, Vol 8, No 2, pp 91-106. Kettinger, W.J. and Grover, K. (1995) Special section: toward a theory of business process change management. Journal of management information systems, Vol 12, Issue 1 (June 1995.) Khosrowpour, M. (2006) Advanced topics in information resources management. Vol 5. Idea group publishing. Langer, A.M. (2008) Business process reengineering. Analysis and design of information systems. Lubit, R. (2001) Knowledge Management : The Keys to Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Organizational dynamics, Vol 29, Issue 3, pp 164-178. Meed, J.W. Bots, P.W.G. and Sol, H.G. (1994) A hard core for soft problems: A business engineering case study within the Amsterdam municipal police force. TCBAUS IFIP Information systems international working conference, Gold Coast, Australia. Osborne, T. (1997) Business process reengineering. PACIS 1997 Proceedings. Porter, M.E. (1979) How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard business review. Cited by Smit, P.J. (2000) Strategic planning: Readings. Juta and Company Ltd. Reed, R. and Defillippi, R.J. (1990) Causal Ambiguity, Barriers to Imitation, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage. The academy of management review, Vol 15, No 1 (January 1990) pp 88-102. Saint-Onge, H. (1996) Tacit knowledge the key to the strategic alignment of intellectual capital. Strategy and leadership, Vol 24, Issue 2, pp 10-16. Sayegh, F. (2005) Business process Reengineering. EFS Technical report No.21. (December 15th 2005.)

The Life Of George Washington Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

The Life Of George Washington Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers The Life Of George Washington Flexner, James Thomas. George Washington. Little. 1967 George Wahington George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the United States of America. He served as commander-in-chief of the Continental army during the Revolutionary War, and later served as the first president of the United States. His thoughts and ideas helped mold the United States into the great country that it is today. George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the eldest son of Augustine Washington and Mary Ball Washington. He received no formal education, but he read geography, military history, agriculture, deportment, and composition. Washington later developed a powerful and convincing style of speech and writing. He enjoyed sports and social occasions, and he later became a surveyor for landowners on the Virginia frontier. George Washington was elected president of the United States in 1789, and in New York City on April 30, 1789, he took the oath of office as President of the United States at age 57. He was extremely influential in the initial operation of the new government. After the ballot he wrote, My movements to the chair of government will be accompanied by feeling not unlike those of a culprit, who is going to the place of his execution. Washington's task was to organize a government but also create a role for the highest officer of the new nation. Both tasks earned him enemies. One of Washington's first duties of office was establishing a cabinet. He appointed Alexander Hamilton secretary of treasury and Thomas Jefferson secretary of state. Washington allowed Jefferson to pursue a policy of seeking trade with European nations. Hamilton proposed important ideas such as a funded national debt and the creation of the Bank of the United States. The first United States census was taken in 1790 which showed the population to be four million. He created departments within the government, each with different jobs. The government issued money that was good in all states. President Washington also helped plan a new capital for the nation that was named Washington in his honor. Also, Vermont and Kentucky were added as states in 1791 and 1792 respectively. George Washington reluctantly agreed to serve a second term as president, even though he wanted to go home to Mount Vernon. An outbreak of war in Europe plagued Thomas Jefferson's foreign policy design. Alexander Hamilton formed a pro-British foreign policy during Washington's second administration. Jay's Treaty of 1795 settled outstanding American differences with Great Britain. This treaty was extremely controversial, although the treaty was passed by a narrow margin in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania against a federal excise tax was his critical domestic challenge. He himself rode partway to the field at the head of the militia that was raised to put down the rebellion. Washington reorganized his cabinet in 1795, and Tennessee became a state in 1796. He was asked to return for another term as President, but he declined. Washington carefully planned a farewell speech to mark the end of his presidency, and issued his farewell speech on September 7, 1796. He was succeeded by his vice-president, John Adams the following March 4. He then retired to Mount Vernon, where he died two years later on December 14, 1799 at the age of 67. George Washington remains one of the most important figures in the history of the United States of America. Washington's accomplishments are and will continue to serve as precedents for future Presidents. I feel that his two terms in office as the President of the United States were the most important periods in the history our country. He shaped the government that we live under today, and if not for him, our government might be completely different.

Alternative Styles Of Creative Advertising Marketing Essay

Alternative Styles Of Creative Advertising Marketing Essay The purpose of this report was to create a creative campaign idea for GWS Motorsport to attract more audiences as well as to increase awareness of the company. Hence, an evaluation of creative strategies theory will apply to the campaign in order to support the raw ideas. The report will show all the achievable innovative approaches that may increase the effectiveness and efficiencies of the campaign. On top of that, one of the strategy approaches has been selected for the GWS Motorsport campaign as part of the creative strategy. This report also aims to give an understanding of the campaign objectives, appropriate strategy for the outcome, the messages that what is this campaign about to pass on and to create the characteristic for GWS Motorsport race team. Hence, a clutter of consumers requires a creative approach to segment them by using marketing mix strategy. As a result, positioning exist in the market to avoid tight competition in the same industry. (Chitty, 2005) 1.2. Scope While understanding GWS Personnel Motorsport, the team does not bring in any profit however they do exercised some business strategies to at least cover its costs because running a race team cost a lot of money. Therefore, the main revenue streams included sponsorship, driver leasing and for those potential revenue streams were from the hot laps, driver sessions/training, VIP tickets and guest appearances. (O’Donnel, n.d) 1.3. Method The information used in this report was gathered by using the sources from GWS Personnel Motorsport official website, GWS presentation power point slides, a series of email with the marketing consultant, Nik O’Donnell and the textbook. Therefore, the second edition of Integrated Marketing Communications textbook was one of the main references that provided the information of creative strategies theory that were applied to this report. 1.4. Company’s Background GWS Personnel Motorsport is a team that puts together by Allan Shephard a nd Peter O’Donnell and mainly sponsored by GWS Personnel itself. Additionally, GWS Personnel is a regional based recruitment company that was established in the early 90’s. There are other sponsors too such as the Shire Conveyancer, Spinifex Australia, and Evocities. Peter O’Donnell has always been passionate about motorsport racing which is the reason behind the team he formed. The GWS Personnel Motorsport as known as the Australian Manufacturers Champions formed a wide range of production cars such as the Europe and Japanese cars were used on the race track. (GWS Motorsport, 2011) 2. Findings 2.1. Creative Strategies Theory In this day and age, many business companies have implemented more creative strategies that use to draw consumer attention and provoke them to purchase a product or a service. As a general rule, these creative strategies are based on the targeted market demographic, psychographic, geographical and behavioral. Advertisers often use catchy ji ngles to capture consumer interest therefore such creative strategy may promote publicity and public relations with them. Based on Table A, the creative strategies are divided into three categories and they are the functional orientation, symbolic/experiential orientation, and category-dominance orientation.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Case study - Essay Example Ang Siow Lee. He moved up the corporate ladder through hard work and he reached the executive management level. His technical expertise helped the company improve processes and reduce waste within the operations. A second stakeholder is a new manager named Mr. Davidson. Mr. Davidson had a totalitarian attitude and personality. He always expressed his concerns, but he often spoke in a loud aggressive manner which made the employees feel bad. There were communication problems at Alpha Plantation. These problems were creating frictions and a lack of trust between the employees and the managerial staff Despite his attitude Mr. Davidson was a bright person with great ideas on how to improve the problem. When he first took command of this managerial position he identified seven significant problems and issues that needed immediate attention. A list of the issues the company was facing is illustrated below: Mr. Davidson received after six month a poor rating review. This event affected him emotionally and psychological. He became a passive person that did not care about his job. On the personal level he became an alcoholic. Friction occurred between Mr. Davidson and Mr. Ang. Eventually the internal conflict escalate so much that Davidson and Ang had a confrontation in public that cause a public spectacle within the organization. Mr. Ang was fired for insubordination and gross misconduct. Mr. Davidson lacked confidence and motivation toward the end which affected his performance as an employee. The conflict that occurred could have been prevented if the top managers of the company implemented better communication internally and externally. In terms of internal communication the managers needs to improve the communication among themselves and between the managers and the floor employees. Two techniques that can be used by managers to improve motivation are internal and external rewards (Beswich). An example of an intrinsic reward is congratulating an employee for

Reflections on World's Leadership Research Paper

Reflections on World's Leadership - Research Paper Example (page 6) iv. What I have learnt from her†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (page 7) V. George W. Bush- A Demonstration of BadLeadership i. His Actions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (page 7) ii. His Leadership Style†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (page 8) iii. Reasons underlying My Perception of Him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... (page 9) iv. What I have learnt from him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... (page 9) VI. Conclusion_________________________________________(page 10) VII. Bibliography________________________________________(page 11) Introduction Who is a â€Å"Leader†? Does it refer only to those who rule the masses by virtue of their political authority? Do the activists who never held office but had the ability to move the masses through their ideas and visions also deserve inclusion? Does it include only those who had a positive influence on the world or also those who brought about damage and destruction? Moreover, what is Leadership? Such eternal questions concerning the mystery of great leadership have fascinated men ever since the creation of mankind. The world has always stood in awe of the leaders thriving within it. Great Western scholars like Plato, Aristotle, Plutarch and Machiavelli have reflected, in their works, upon leaders and their use of power. In fact even the Bible can be regarded as a treatise on leadership in human and divine form. But for the early civilisations, leadership was one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on earth. It was finally in the eighteenth century that man could actually figure out a discrete sense of the word â₠¬Å"leadership†. With the dawn of Enlightenment, man started applying reason and science to concepts that were till then explained by religion. The advent of the various branches of social science such as evolutionary history, political science and psychology helped to frame general theories and models of leadership. Trends in Leadership Studies The first dominant framework on leadership was the Trait Theory or the â€Å"Great Men† Theory which was proposed in the early twentieth century. It focussed on the five central traits possessed by leaders- intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity and sociability. The theory claimed that leaders are born, not made. Galton (1869) contributed to this theory by stating that â€Å"no man can achieve a very high reputation without being gifted with very high abilities†. Carlyle (1910) also asserts that â€Å"the history of the world is the history of great men†. Mid-twentieth century saw the rise of the Be haviourist school of leadership which emphasized on the actions and dominant behaviour of the leaders. This period was marked by a parallel research at Ohio State and Michigan University that highlighted the leaders’ behaviour on the job, use of authority and task-relationship orientation. Later, scholars such as Fred Fiedler realised that a leader must match his/her situation and leadership style should vary depending on the situation and context. This gave way to a third phase of leadership studies, known as the Contingency school, which focussed on task structure, leader-member relationship and power position (Shoup, 2005, pp. 2-4). The modern proponent of leadership studies is James McGregor Burns who has brought about a marked transition in this genre through his classification of the transactional and transformational leader. According

Self assignment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Self assignment - Term Paper Example result, I like to come up with new ways of solving problems, and this often calls for innovation, as such I would like to think of myself as an innovative individual. However, sometimes I tend to go overboard and end up making matter worse with my â€Å"innovation† this is because I can get distracted and in my attempt to use new ways ignore old ones which may be better and more convenient. As I grew up, I was an avid reader of books and I often tried to practice some of the ideas I learnt in real life or to improve on them. For example, in junior high school, I along with 3 of my classmates won the annual science prize for coming up with a homemade solar powered lamp and water heater made from locally available materials including old disused solar panels. This attributes can be explained by my IEI, emotional intelligence test which were rated ENTP, this means I am a creative resourceful and broad minded individual quick on his feet and I can think about a wide range of issues objectively. New ideas exited me and I do not shy away from debating on any issue, since I have no inhibitions about offering my opinion accepting criticism or even giving some. In the IIC5 test, it emerged that I am a patient and strategic individual; I can spend hours on end mulling on a problem until I come up with a solution, as a result, I believe in looking for easier ways of carrying out tasks, but I do not cut corners or ignore protocol in for the sake of quick results. This is because to me it was worth taking time and effort to get good final result than to rush over cutting corners only to come up with substandard answers. This is an approach I have tried and tested over the years more so in my studies where I prefer to strategize patiently and always have a contingency plan in case the original one does not work. Despite this, I sometimes procrastinate and self-deceive that I am being patient while in reality am just avoiding to tackle a problem head on especially when I feel

Impact Of It On Journalism Media Essay

Impact Of It On Journalism Media Essay The evolution of technology continues to revolutionize the journalism industry. Television, computers and the internet are among many technologies which have significantly impacted the way in which news is researched, written and published. This report will analyse the impact of IT on journalism over the past four years. It will look particularly at how recent web technologies have impacted journalists research techniques and affected the expectations of readers. It will further look into the ethical implications such technologies have bought to journalism and the sustainability issues pertinent to the industry. Researching news Web 2.0 technologies have had significant influence on journalists researching techniques. They have impacted the ways in which journalists find story ideas, make contacts and acquire information. The 2009 Arketi Web Watch Survey revealed journalists sources of story ideas (Figure 1.1). The results demonstrate a considerable reliance upon Web 2.0 technologies, including blogs, Wikis, RSS feeds, podcasts and social networks. Figure 1.1 Sources of Story Ideas Neumeiers article reviewing the 2007 Arketi Web Watch Survey suggests that the connections Web 2.0 technologies enable, allow journalists to make contacts and ultimately acquire information. Such virtual networking means journalists can obtain information, including opinions, quotes and photos, without personally knowing a contact, but by contacting or following them via social media sites (Sherratt, 2010). Web 2.0 on whole, provides journalists with convenient access to a wide variety of both primary and secondary information sources. Reader expectations Recent technology influenced trends have impacted the expectations of news readers. Unlike a newspaper, if an online reader is if dissatisfied with a news source, they are able to easily and freely switch to another. According to a 2010 survey, 57% of online news seekers visit between two and five sites a day; while only 21% have a single site they routinely visit (Pew Research Centre, 2010). Journalists are hence forced to meet the expectations of online news seekers in order capture and maintain their readers attention and ensure their stories are read. Social news, citizen journalism and mobile internet are all recent trends influenced by technology which have impacted the expectations of news readers. Social news News consumption is a socially-engaging and socially-driven activity (Pew Research Centre, 2010). Tom Regan describes online journalism as a two-way one-to-one model in contrast to conventional, one-way, we write, you read journalism. He claims in his article, The Digital Journalist written in 1997, that there is a strong demand from readers to be able to interact with the writer and other readers of news stories. In 2010, with Web 2.0 technologies, which encourage participation and interaction on the internet, an even greater expectation is held by readers to be able to contribute to and share news. The Pew Research Centre (2010) survey revealed that most readers believe that keeping up with the news is a social or civic obligation. The survey also highlighted that 37% of online news readers have contributed to the creation of news, commentary about it, or dissemination of news via social media. These trends have been influenced by advancements in web technologies which allow reader s to comment on stories, participate in forums and easily share links. The impact of social news consumption means that successful news stories encourage and facilitate reader participation. Citizen journalism Citizen journalism is a growing trend influenced by widespread individual access to cameras and online publishing platforms. Nine percent of news readers surveyed in 2010 revealed that they have contributed to the news by creating their own original news material or opinion piece (Pew Research Centre, 2010). These amateur news pieces can include reports, pictures, videos or audio and are usually published on blogs or social networking sites. Twitter, a micro-blogging site established in 2006 (Lur, 2010), is one such example of a site where citizen journalism is widespread. Twenty-six percent of its US users say they primarily use the site for news seeking (TNS and The Conference Board, 2009). On many occasions Twitter users, assisted by newswires (which monitor topic trends and divulge the latest news to a network wider than the original posters (Catone, 2009)), have beaten mainstream media in breaking news stories. For example, reports of earthquakes in the UK and China in 2008 were initially found on Twitter (Catone, 2009). Competing with such on-the-spot reporting is almost impossible for mainstream journalists as readers expect all reports to be equally as current as Tweets. However, Tweets are generally uninformative due to their 140 character limit and citizen reports are usually seen as unreliable (Kanalley, 2009). Professional journalists are hence expected to, and must hence compete by, promptly reporting exclusive, informative and accurate news which citizen journalists cannot offer. The future of citizen journalism is promising with the launch of sites such as BBCs Your News. Yeon-ho, the creator of, OhmyNews.com, a popular Korean citizen news site, describes the future of journalism as a pro-am (professional-amateur) concept of combining citizen reporters with trained professional journalists and editors (OConnor, 2007). This is backed up by BBCs claims that Your News makes use of a huge range of material being sent to the BBC by the public, some of which has provided real newsgathering value (Hoffman, 2006). Mobile internet The continuing increase in the use of mobile internet devices, such as Smartphones, has a corresponding affect on the number of readers accessing news via mobile internet (Diaz, 2010). The number of US mobile internet users is expected to rise from 89.2 million in 2010 to 134 million in 2013 (eMarketer, 2009), inevitably leading to a further increase in mobile news readers. The nature of mobile news will affect the expectations readers have on how news is presented. On the internet, readers tend to scan pages; similarly, or to a greater extent, they will do so on their mobile devices. Well written information for the web is said to have 50% less words than a print article and should ensure information can be easily extracted through scanning (Thomas, 2010). Journalists will hence need to ensure their works can be easily scanned. News organizations websites will also need to be compatible with, and easily accessible and appealing on, mobile internet browsers and devices with small scr eens. Ethical Implications Integrity of information Among the Australian Journalism Associations Code of Ethics is an obligation to report and interpret honestly, striving for accuracy, fairness and disclosure of all essential facts (Australian News Commentary, 2010). The integrity and accuracy of the information journalists provide to their readers can be tainted when sourcing information from the internet. One such example of inaccurate journalism is that of a quote believed to be by Maurice Jarre, reported  after his death by newspaper websites in the US, Britain, Australia and India. The quote was published on Wikipedia by a university student in Dublin, who later confessed the information to be a hoax (Pogatchnik, 2009). This story highlights how a lack of consideration of the integrity of sources can result in inaccurate reporting. Consequences of such can include damaged reputations, misled readers and law suits. Using privately published information Information found on the internet can often be publically published without the creator knowingly doing so. A survey on internet users found that out of those surveyed, 78% of the adult online population would change information they publish about themselves online if they thought the material would later be reproduced in the mainstream media (Press Complaints Commission, 2008). Using information found on social networking profiles, may therefore be considered breaching journalists ethical codes which aim to respect personal privacy and fairly, responsibly and honestly obtain material (Australian News Commentary, 2010). Writing for a global audience The internet is a global community; therefore, news published online can be accessed by readers from around the world. Journalists must hence consider the different cultural interpretations of the language, imagery and particularly humor and slang contained within their news stories. A Michael Jackson skit performed on Australias Hey Hey Its Saturday program in 2009 is one such example humor which caused international offence because of different cultural background and interpretations. The US and the UK believed the skit was racist and disgraceful; while the majority of Australian audiences enjoyed the lighthearted humor (Duck McCabe, 2009). A 1998 article titled Writing for the Web reiterates the point that humor is prone to elude, and possibly offend, a percentage of the audience. The article also makes references to the differences in how dates are written, which may result in inaccurate reporting, and alternative meanings of words and hand gestures, which may be insulting in so me cultures (Morelli, 1998). Sustainability issues The impact of online news has resulted in a continuing drop in newspaper sales which positively affects the sustainability of journalism (Malik, 2010). An audit revealed that The Age newspaper consumes approximately 146kg of paper, per year, per subscription (Monday Friday) (House in Harmony, 2009). A 2010 comparison of The Age sales shows a 4.1% drop to 189,500 since 2009; a figure attributed to an increase in online readings (Malik, 2010). If these newspapers were not printed, approximately 3250kg of paper would have been saved in the year, along with reductions in carbon emissions produced by printers and other publishing machines. This decline in sales also reduces the emissions produced by deliveries to homes and retailers and reduces the consumption of plastic used to wrap delivered papers (House in Harmony, 2009). However, reading news online will increase the time readers spend on their computers and consequently produce more computer-generated emissions. Nonetheless, the co nsumption of news will be less wasteful as readers selectively view articles online, instead of purchasing an entire newspaper. Furthermore, increasing developments in Green IT improving energy efficiency and aspiring to reduce e-waste mean that a complete conversion to online publishing is a sustainable initiative for the future. Conclusion Technology, particularly the internet has had a significant and continuous impact on the journalism industry. Web 2.0 technologies have made it easier for journalists to find news stories and acquire information; while the expectations of news readers have been impacted by recent technology influenced trends including social news, citizen journalism and mobile internet access. The use of the internet to research and publish stories means that journalists must ethically consider the integrity and privacy of information they exploit and the obligations which come with writing for a global audience. Publishing news online also proves to be a sustainable initiative for the future as it reduces paper consumption and carbon emissions.

The warmth of human emotion :: essays research papers

The Warmth of Human Emotion Heat and warmth are usually depicted as elements of comfort and security. This warmth is what people crave to achieve this comfort. In Evelyn Lau’s â€Å"Family,† the heat and warmth give deeper meaning in regards to human emotion. The contrasting images of ice and cold as well resemble the abstract human emotion in the short story. The elements are used in such a way as to satisfy the hunger of emotional warmth in regards to the characters Zoe and Douglas. As the story unfolds there is a sense of coldness surrounding the community. The setting stage for the action is in fact a community in a cold winter. Through warmth is how one reaches one’s own comfort level. It is noted to the extent that one must almost search for the warmth inside one’s self to achieve this comfort. In the case of Zoe she achieves warmth though emotional stability. Both Zoe and Douglas do search for this but by intention are both quite different. As the friendly relationship between the two progresses, it soon evolves into a hot and steamy relationship full of adultery and deception. Lam 2 Zoe in the case of the relationship is the one who seems to crave this warmth. It is soon noted that her attraction towards Douglas becomes almost too great for her to control herself. Even though she knows that the man she desires is a well-respected man with a wife and children, she feels compelled to satisfy her own desire, thus deeming herself as being selfish. Yet at this point, as she is acquainted with the wife, Ellen, she still thinks about the warm touch of Douglas’ hand and how she is drawn to his warmth. As Zoe is left alone by herself, thoughts of sexual depictions come into her mind. As cold as she feels she pictures Douglas and his Wife in a cuddling scenario in the master bedroom. At this point she feels somewhat jealous of the fact that Ellen is his wife instead if herself. By occupying her mind with images of Douglas â€Å"wrapp[ing] his arms around his wife, her stomach and, her breasts† (Lau 1153), Zoe feels even more compelled to satisfy her desire f or Douglas. Her craving for Douglas’ emotional warmth becomes too unbearable for her as she watches the dead animals hung up in the organic-foods market. She â€Å"resist[s] the urge to lean forward and stroke her fingertips down the grain of their feathers and fur, towards the belly warm as the belly of a sleeping man† (Lau 1154).

Workplace Drug Screening Opinion Paper

Drug testing is a very sensitive issue to almost everyone. Its implications can be interpreted wrongly by some people. There are many ethical issues that should be considered before employees or workers undergo drug testing. â€Å"Recognizing that the situation differs in each country and each workplace, ethical issues are one of the most important concerns to be resolved before any testing is undertaken. Rights of workers to privacy and confidentiality, autonomy, fairness, and the integrity of their bodies must be respected, in harmony with national and international laws and jurisprudence, norms and values† (International Labour Office, 1993, p. 103). In California, the State Law regarding drug testing states that â€Å"employers of 25 or more must reasonably accommodate employee wishes to participate in a rehabilitation program, provided no undue hardship is created; the employee may not have to pay for preemployment or continuing employment exam; and the California Department of Health interprets the state's laboratory licensing law to prohibit any drug test not performed in a certified laboratory or by a licensed physician† (U. S. Department of Labor). Employers have different reasons to conduct drug testing including â€Å"preemployment detection of illicit drug use, determination of fitness to work, maintenance of workplace security, and confirmation of suspended illicit drug or alcohol use† (Sloboda & Bukoski, 2003, p. 201). Drug testing is as simple as it sounds. It uses different methods to determine if illegal drugs or alcohols are being abused by those tested. â€Å"The most common types of drug testing use Breathalyzers and laboratory studies of urine, blood, and hair specimens† (Hanson, Venturellli, & Fleckenstein, 2005, p. 12). Aside from these, some methods also make use of saliva and sweat. The most common drugs that are detected by drug tests include amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, marijuana, and metamphetamines (Rodnay, Common Drugs That Are Detected Through Drug Testing). Many companies manufacture drug testing kits that are available for laboratories to use and check for the prese nce of drugs in people's body fluids. Because there are a lot of drug test kits in the market, it is important to determine the reliability of these kits. A lot of companies use drug screen tests, which are not reliable, yielding approximately 10 percent of false positive results (Lectric Law Library). These false positive results lead to problems mostly for the worker. The employee would face embarrassment, discrimination, and a permanent mark on his or her employment and personal records. This is the reason why it is very important to conduct confirmation tests on those who have tested positive in the initial screening. This is also the reason why employers should not readily judge those workers who have tested positive for drug screening. Discrimination, as to who should be tested or not, should not happen in the workplace. Also, it should not be assumed that a certain company or workplace does not have employees who use and abuse drugs because drug users can not be stereotyped. It is not limited to any gender, race, sex, or status. Individuals who are in the top position of a company is not different to a common worker in terms of drug use. Both persons abuse drugs and this will appear on their screening tests and their positions can not be detected by drug screening kits. Employers should conduct random drug tests that are truly random. In this way, the number or percentage of those using illicit drugs can be seen without judgment to others. This also ensures that all workers will have second thoughts on using drugs. Because of the increase in the number of people abusing illicit drugs over the years, drug screening in the workplace is important to employers. It provides them assurance that their employees are healthy and that they are able to perform their job well. Drug testing also assures employers and companies of security in the workplace. They are concerned of their businesses because when employees do not do their jobs and have poor performances, the whole company would suffer. Ultimately, both parties would lose: workers will be fired with permanent mark on his or her employment history and companies will lose money, especially when the number of employees who use drugs is large. To avoid these problems, people should take more preventive actions and cautions. Privacy is an important factor. Drug screening programs in the workplace is considered lawful only when the nature of the test and the procedures used respect the worker's rights (Howard-Martin, 2002). Employers should always respect the privacy of their workers. On the other hand, employees should respect their employees and their jobs. Using drugs, especially at the workplace, or coming to work under its influence is a sign that workers do not value their job and do not respect their employers and the people around them. When all ethical and legal issues are considered and taken care of, drug screening in the workplace will not become a problem for both parties involved. Indeed, dealing with drugs at work is not easy and very complicated. Not all situations are the same and not all laws can always be applied. Things are different with each company. As well, not all employees are the same. This is why it is never a good idea to discriminate. Although employers can find themselves with limited options when an employee is found to be using illicit drugs (About. om), some companies still take actions by providing assistance to their workers or letting their employees go. The importance of drug screening in the workplace can not be denied. It is always better to know that employees are capable of handling their work and performing well without causing trouble to the whole company or his or her coworkers. Drug screening, random or mandatory, at work may be one of the many ways to ensure that a company is d oing well and a safe and secured workplace environment can be given to the workers.

Workplace Motivation

Motivation in the workplace is the single most influential factor in achievement of higher productivity and profitability by an organization. Over the years, psychologists have concurred with social analysts and workplace managers that employees indeed act as the main springboard to effectively promote objectivity of their organizations management plans (Weiner, 1985). It is from this notion that motivation in most of the organizations has been assimilated not just at the top management levels only, but at the lower sections to derive genuine intrinsic returns. Owing to this consideration, this paper seeks to explore workplace motivation strategies, their related theories and affects in organizations' workplace settings. Deriving this interlink, the paper outlines various recommendations that could be employed to effect the necessary changes and therefore assimilate holistic productivity and progress. 2. Affects of motivational strategies on work productivity a) Introduction In my organization where I work [XYZ] workplace motivation has been the defining factor for its current success. As an airline company, the management underscores the need to strongly motivate the employees as they are entirely independent in their operations by nature of their jobs. Though the concept of giving the highest possible quality to the consumers through motivating the staff was initially not effectively understood, entry of the current Chief Executive officer made the notion easy to grasp and apply with ease. b) Organizational efforts to promote performance Due to the high level competition in the airline industry, measures that have the capacity to promote returns are always welcome. As a result, workers motivation has been assimilated as a major facet for enhancing greater returns. Therefore, the management has facilitated the formation and operation of teams and groups at the lower levels of employees. Use of teamwork and team leadership has therefore brought the staff and employees at the decision making level as they are entrusted with all the major activities that take place during flights. Indeed, this model been hailed and emulated by other airlines in that the staff is entrusted to address all the emergent issues to generate the highest possible satisfaction to the consumers. Besides, unlike other airline companies that keep on hiring and firing their staff, XYZ observes a high retention system with internal promotions serving as a major motivational consideration. After the terrorist attack at world trade center in US, XYZ maintained its entire staff as others strongly downsized to cater for the crisis period as more people drifted away from air flights. Top leadership and management officials are identified and promoted from the teams’ operations efficiency. Such emergent leadership has been a strong motivating facet to the level lower employees as they seek to follow the same trend to get at the top. Bridging the gap between the top management and the lower level employees has perhaps been the best motivating notion that the company employs to boost the morale of the workers in their duties. Since the onset of the current economic crisis the management has sought to break the previous hierarchical mode of management and bring together all the staff to work together at all times. By bringing them closer to the management, it became much easier to understand their overall needs and sentiments therefore pro-actively solving them. Indeed, discussions and problem analysis between the management and staff in search for solutions and alternatives has become part of the XYZ culture. This brings out the sense of ownership and identity which drives the employees to work in their organizations with great efforts as they would have done for their personal jobs. It is from the above efforts that XYZ maintained its profitability after the terrorist attack in the year at the world trade center and the current economic downturn as the employees seek to gather more efforts from the continuous motivation they generate. c) Employees resistance to increasing productivity It is worth noting that though the management has over the years been strongly committed to enhance greater motivation, strong resistance has also been increasing with time. Some of the employees view the current initiatives as a facet to divide them in that some cannot be able to get the different team leaders positions or being promoted. Though the management has been considering this to be part of the anti development group that generally views any form of development from a negative point of view, the company leadership has often been cautioned to ensure that it does not spread to the rest of the staff. This has prompted the management to establish a general criterion to be used for promotions and awards therefore preventing any sense of sabotage among them. To add to that, bulk of the major changes have seen introduction of modernistic highly computerized and automated systems to not only reduce the time of service to the consumers, but promote the general quality and utility equivalence of the payment. However, this has been interpreted to indicate possible threats to their jobs even with the management confirmation of total retention for all the staff. This has further been linked with the overall resistant nature of the human beings in their work places emanating from their complexity analysis of the present events but overshadowed by the future uncertainty. ) Management philosophy of motivation and practices Application of motivation systems by the company has been deeply based on the understanding of interplay between the different needs of the employees and their efforts to see higher productivity. As a result, the management overview has been in a twin fold model where the general returns to the staff acts as the main driving force to their general efforts. Though this has been cited to be the major factor in the company behind its success, a general shift was recorded when the employees suggested their allowances reduction to anchor the general company's cost reduction strategy. As Hatch underscores in his model of cultural dynamic, the ability of the staff to effectively support the management decisions depends on how the leadership will harmonize their views and needs of the workers to reduce the overall resistance to infer the necessary motivation for work and innovation (2000). In this respect XYZ brought sought to bring the management closer to the staff by invoking the necessary autonomy in their work, reducing the hierarchical management system, and incorporating the employees in the decision making process. 3. Implications of applying other motivational theories a) Vroom's expectancy theory Though XYZ application of motivational theories has been highly integrative of the different theories due to its nature, some have not been effectively applied. To begin with, Vroom's expectancy theory indicates that motivation to the staff and employees is based not only on the material well being, but to attain the necessary anticipated outcome as the general achievement and assimilate the belief that the exerted effort has been helpful in promoting the status of the company. Application of this theory would be of great essence to the company management by being self driven from the onset, carefully self evaluated, and highly cautious to raise productivity and profitability of the company. However, its application would perhaps be highly controversial due to lack of the necessary guidance as exemplified by the present management of XYZ. However, it would be a great relevance in reducing the overall expenses and therefore put greater emphasis on productivity and profitability of the company. To the employees, this theory would infer mixed reactions on their perceptions in that the general assimilated attitude towards the company could be essential in enhancing their efforts towards higher production. However, it also has the capacity to be misinterpreted to indicate oppression by the management towards the employees and therefore become a major stabling block for productivity and progress in the company. It is therefore essential that its application be effected instantaneously to give the correct message to the employees. b) Aldefer's ERC theory. Then Aldefer's ERC theory indicates that for all the expected returns to be assimilated, the staff would be required to attain different set standards to get the necessary benefits attached to them (Bollesm, 1975). Though this would infer further need of grater returns to the company, the management may indeed get the direct opposite. Motivation as indicated in the earlier sections in this paper should be self driving without a sense of coercion. Possible standards should always be established in consultation with the staff to affect the general acceptability of the system by all. For the employees in the company, this would be viewed as part of the general initiative to render them unworkable. Indeed, it has the capacity to spark unrest from the general sense of inferiority to attain the different set standards. It is imperative that such level marks are set at the possible levels that the staff would be able to attain and more importantly in teams. 4. Conclusion It is from the above discussion that this paper concludes by supporting thesis statement that motivation in the workplace is the single most influential factor in achievement of higher productivity and profitability by an organization. It is important that staff is carefully handled by the management to generate the necessary perception from them for higher productivity. Motivation should be integrated to the general culture of the company in a manner that all the major operations project to profitability. To add to that, the management should give the employees the necessary room to contribute creatively and promote innovation for higher returns.